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Piano Tuning Calculator — Equal Temperament Frequency Table

Equal temperament frequencies for every piano note at any A4 reference

Notes

25

A4

440 Hz

Offset

0 cents

Equal Temperament

25

notes in range

A4 Ref

440 Hz

Cents Offset

0

Frequency Table

C3130.81 Hz
C#3138.59 Hz
D3146.83 Hz
D#3155.56 Hz
E3164.81 Hz
F3174.61 Hz
F#3185 Hz
G3196 Hz
G#3207.65 Hz
A3220 Hz
A#3233.08 Hz
B3246.94 Hz
C4261.63 Hz
C#4277.18 Hz
D4293.66 Hz
D#4311.13 Hz
E4329.63 Hz
F4349.23 Hz
F#4369.99 Hz
G4392 Hz
G#4415.3 Hz
A4440 Hz
A#4466.16 Hz
B4493.88 Hz
C5523.25 Hz

What You'll Need

TC Electronic PolyTune 3 Guitar Tuner Pedal

TC Electronic PolyTune 3 Guitar Tuner Pedal

$60-$804.7
View on Amazon

D'Addario EJ16 Phosphor Bronze Acoustic Guitar Strings Light

$6-$104.7
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Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 3rd Gen USB Audio Interface

$140-$1804.7
View on Amazon
TC Electronic PolyTune 3 Guitar Tuner Pedal

TC Electronic PolyTune 3 Guitar Tuner Pedal

$60-$804.7
View on Amazon

D'Addario EJ16 Phosphor Bronze Acoustic Guitar Strings Light

$6-$104.7
View on Amazon

Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 3rd Gen USB Audio Interface

$140-$1804.7
View on Amazon

As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases.

Example Calculations

1Standard A440 Tuning (C3 to C5)

Inputs

A4 Reference440 Hz
StartC3
EndC5

Result

Notes in Range25 notes

Two octaves from C3 (130.81 Hz) to C5 (523.25 Hz) with 25 notes including both endpoints.

2Baroque Pitch A415

Inputs

A4 Reference415 Hz
StartC3
EndC5

Result

Notes in Range25 notes

Same range at A415: C3 = 123.47 Hz, A4 = 415 Hz, offset of -101 cents from standard.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q

What is equal temperament tuning?

Equal temperament divides the octave into 12 equal semitones, each with a frequency ratio of 2^(1/12) = 1.05946. This means every key is equally in tune (or equally out of tune) with every other key, allowing free modulation.

  • Each semitone = frequency × 1.05946
  • Octave = exactly 2× frequency
  • All keys equally playable
  • Standard for modern pianos since ~1850
  • 100 cents per semitone, 1200 cents per octave
TemperamentAdvantageDisadvantageUsed In
EqualAll keys usableNo pure intervalsModern piano, guitar
Just IntonationPure intervals in one keyOut of tune in othersChoral singing, some organs
MeantoneGood thirds in some keysWolf fifth in remote keysHistorical keyboards
Q

Why do some musicians tune to A432 instead of A440?

A432 Hz is claimed to sound warmer and more natural. There is no scientific basis for specific healing properties, but the lower pitch does create a slightly different tonal color. Standard concert pitch A440 was internationally standardized in 1955.

  • A440: International standard since 1955
  • A432: Popular alternative, slightly warmer
  • A442-444: Common in European orchestras
  • A415: Baroque pitch standard
  • Difference between 440 and 432 is about 31 cents
Q

How many keys does a standard piano have?

A standard piano has 88 keys spanning from A0 (27.5 Hz) to C8 (4186 Hz), covering over 7 octaves. The lowest audible fundamental is A0 at 27.5 Hz, and the highest key C8 approaches the upper limit of useful musical pitch.

  • 88 keys total (52 white, 36 black)
  • Range: A0 (27.5 Hz) to C8 (4186 Hz)
  • Middle C = C4 (261.63 Hz)
  • Concert A = A4 (440 Hz)
  • Some pianos have 97 keys (Bösendorfer Imperial)
Q

What is cents in music tuning?

A cent is 1/100 of a semitone. There are 1200 cents per octave. Tuners measure deviation from target pitch in cents. Most people cannot hear a difference smaller than 5 cents; professional tuners aim for ±2 cents accuracy.

  • 100 cents = 1 semitone
  • 1200 cents = 1 octave
  • Human detection threshold: ~5 cents
  • Professional tuning accuracy: ±2 cents
  • Formula: cents = 1200 × log2(f1/f2)

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Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

This calculator is provided for informational and educational purposes only. Results are estimates and should not be considered professional financial, medical, legal, or other advice. Always consult a qualified professional before making important decisions. UseCalcPro is not responsible for any actions taken based on calculator results.

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